PCOS: Understanding Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

deux femmes discutent du SOPK le syndrome des ovaires polykystiques

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a leading cause of menstrual irregularities and infertility in women. It affects approximately 10% of women of reproductive age, from adolescence to menopause, and is often underdiagnosed. Yet, it has a significant impact on the hormonal health and overall well-being of women who suffer from it. But what exactly is PCOS, and how does it manifest?

What is PCOS?

PCOS, or polycystic ovary syndrome , is a hormonal imbalance that disrupts the menstrual cycle and can lead to various symptoms: irregular periods, fertility problems, acne, weight gain, etc.

Although the name "polycystic" can be misleading, these are not classic cysts but rather a collection of small ovarian follicles that fail to mature.

This endocrine disease is characterized by:

  • An excess of androgen hormones (male hormones) which leads to an increase in the level of testosterone in the blood of women with PCOS

  • Irregular or absent ovulation

  • Enlarged ovaries with multiple small follicles

These dysfunctions disrupt the menstrual cycle and can cause a variety of symptoms. Many women are unaware they have PCOS until they try to conceive, as absent or irregular periods are often trivialized.

Causes of PCOS

The exact causes of PCOS are not fully understood, but several factors are thought to be involved according to ISERM*:

  • Genetic factors : A family predisposition appears to exist. If your mother or sister has PCOS, you are more likely to develop it.

  • Environmental factors : it is possible that the presence of endocrine disruptors in our daily lives could have an impact on the onset of the disease through the disruption that these disruptors bring

  • Insulin resistance : Excess insulin stimulates androgen production, worsening symptoms. Insulin plays a critical role in regulating blood glucose, and its dysfunction can contribute to weight gain, a common symptom of PCOS.

  • Hormonal imbalances : Disruption of the LH and FSH hormones, which are essential for ovulation. These hormonal fluctuations can lead to increased testosterone production, which affects the growth of ovarian follicles and contributes to the absence of ovulation.

PCOS and its impact on health

PCOS not only affects fertility, it can also lead to:

✔ Fertility problems : Irregular cycles complicate conception.
✔ Metabolic disorders : increased risk of diabetes, hypertension and cholesterol.
✔ Psychological impact : anxiety, depression and lower self-esteem.

How is PCOS diagnosed?

The diagnosis is based on 3 criteria (Rotterdam criteria):

  1. Irregular menstrual cycles (more than 35 days apart or absent).

  2. Excess androgens (excessive hair growth, acne, hair loss).

  3. An ultrasound revealing polycystic ovaries .

It is enough to have at least two of these criteria to make the diagnosis.

Natural treatments and solutions

There is no single cure, but there are solutions that can help alleviate symptoms:

  • A balanced diet low in refined carbohydrates to reduce insulin resistance.

  • Regular physical activity to improve insulin sensitivity and regulate hormones.

  • The use of adaptogenic plants such as yarrow, nettle and cinnamon, known for their beneficial effects on hormonal balance.

This type of disease is still under-researched, and women are still poorly informed about its existence. Therefore, we encourage you to consult a gynecological specialist or midwife if you have any doubts or if you think you may have PCOS.

Proper underwear, like the ones we offer, can also improve comfort in cases of irregular or heavy periods.

Sources:

ISERM https://www.inserm.fr/dossier/syndrome-ovaires-polycystiques-sopk/

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